Thursday, 27 December 2012

Transforming Caribbean Rural Economies (Vocational Training)

TRANSFORMING CARIBBEAN RURAL ECONOMIES THROUGH VOCATIONAL TRAINING

So the World Trade Organisation's ruling on trade and global competition resulted eventually in Caribbean islands, led by Jamaica, ceasing most of their shipped export of bananas to Europe in the early 21st Century. And what followed, in part, was the assigning of a portion of the EU aid budgets to such Caribbean islands to assist with the expected economic dislocation to small rural farmers and their communities. 
Some dislocation of the banana sector did occur and one of the projects that was developed to assist mitigating the effects was conceived by Vernon Barrett (Newer Worlds) on behalf of its client Human Employment And Resource Training Trust - National Training Agency (HEART-Trust NTA).

However, a few years on, the dislocation was not as negative as could have occurred and indeed what is now likely to happen (2012 onwards) is that the demand for bananas locally will grow to perhaps exceed what is was before exports to the EU from Jamaica ceased!!

Ironic, but not surprising because what happened was that in the private sector the large player there - Jamaica Producers (JP) - aggressively pursued a value-add development of the local banana sector. JP ventured into making bananas chips and other food processed derivatives for both the local and export market. Value-add from bananas and other locally grown crops. Perfectly sensible if you compare what happens in western diets with the simple potato being turned into chips and crisps and other such stuff which then sells at multiples of its original cost. Not sure how healthy it will be for the consumers but that is another matter for another article...
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But back to the Jamaican project - conceived and managed by Newer Worlds - entitled "Banana Sector Retraining Project" which ran during 2008 and 2009.


HEART-NTA was, and is, a well respected VOCATIONAL institution in Jamaica established in the 1980's - initially to help train and educate workers employed in the growing tourism sector. However that was some time ago and it was interesting, in the conduct of the project, to see how that Institution had changed over the intervening years to 2008 - some 30 years.

On the positive side the HEART had a Project Division (led by Ms Liz Terry) which was receptive to doing this, its first EU funded, innovative project valued at about 330,000 euros. It delivery would expose some of the shortcomings of the institution but yet provide it with more market intelligence and identify needs and opportunity in field of vocational education and training. In the process of the project it serviced a long neglected constituent of the Jamaican society. Following the outcome of the project HEART appears to have taken onboard some of the learning points below and addressed some of its shortcomings.

 
Some of the key ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE issues are outlined below and for further information do contact Newer Worlds on info@newerworlds.com.

WHO IS REALLY THE INSTITUTION'S CUSTOMER?
At the time HEART seemed to be struggling with keeping itself focused on the needs of its primary beneficiaries - the trainees and students at its facilities. It was more interested it seemed with the EMPLOYERS of such people and these companies' needs. This was potentially conflicting, particularly when it came to people who were learning skills so they could be self-employed and as an Institution they needed to reconcile this post-project. Understandably because the employers and companies pay the HEART Institution most of its income (in the form of a Government administered tax) there was this divided loyalty which needed airing and resolution.

Resolution: HEART needed to carefully assess its role in inadvertently perpetuating the SOLE mind-set of "becoming an employee" to people seeking to earn a livelihood. People do have other options - self-employment or starting a business and CREATING employment. Self-employment is not for everyone but people should be able to be assessed for such a capacity and be encouraged to think along those lines as well. Other younger organisations in Jamaica were also servicing such potential and actual young entrepreneurs, so collaboration with them by HEART was also required going forward - for joined up thinking an provision of service nationally.

 

CAN WE ACCESS THE BENEFICIARY?
Although HEART does have physical facilities in many parts of Jamaica its reach is still not, unsurprisingly,  universal. In fact it is leaning more towards urban people - those in main (usually capital) towns in Jamaican parishes. So really rural people who are economically constrained still cannot, for the most part, afford to get to the venues where classes are held - in these towns. The cost of the taxi or bus fare alone and the time off earning a living is prohibitive to them.  In the project a stipend was allocated to beneficiaries to assist with these costs of attending training sessions.

Resolution: To deliver training in remote locations, HEART and others could perhaps invest in mobile units that can be used to serve as delivery platforms to travel to remote rural locations to deliver resource for training sessions - probably at physical venues such as church halls, 4H locations etc in collaboration with third parties who owned these assets.
 

WHICH COMES FIRST - VOCATIONAL TRAINING OR LITERACY?
There was another major constraint (self-)imposed by HEART in its ability to help people become skilled in a vocation. The prospective trainees had to attain a Level 9 in basic literacy (Maths and English) and UNTIL and UNLESS they did so they could not attend training in a vocational skill. This was so against the primacy of the need for such beneficiaries especially as they tended to be middle aged or older trying to earn a living.

What was the point - isn't it more important that someone can learn to do something with their hands and then earn a living than to exclude them from economic activity because they need to go back to basics....

Resolution: Provide methods of training delivery that are mainly visual and verbal and rely less on the reading of published material (audio-visual training followed by on-site witnessed visual & verbal assessment / inspection). At least this will fast track training possibilities, in the short term, to a wider range of needy semi-literate or illiterate beneficiaries.
 

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE GAME ANYWAYS?
Finally the common-place politics of Institution building revealed itself - when it came to working with other organisations and institutions to assist beneficiaries. Some unnecessary barriers were being erected that were detrimental to these beneficiaries.

Institutions in the same country of Jamaica did not respect/acknowledge each other's beneficiary literacy assessment system at the expense of the beneficiary. This was SO WRONG.

Also you got the feeling sometimes that some local organisations were dangerously pre-occupied proceeding down a road to become a conventional type of UNIVERSITY - primarily for the prestige and egos of its administration - and not staying focused on the needs of the beneficiary. This happened in the UK where many POLYTECHNICS in that country thought they should become re-branded as Universities in the 1980-90's primarily because the association with teaching VOCATIONS had a stigma of inferiority associated with it.

Let us hope the same doesn't happen in Jamaica or elsewhere in the Caribbean. We need people who can do things that are valued by their society to profitably make a livelihood and earn an honest living.

Ignorance is not caused by an absence of literacy
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EPILOGUE

Since this change in banana exports from the Caribbean occurred, the significant increased frequency of inferior quality bananas on sale in British supermarket multiples, like Sainsbury's, has been noticeable. Many of the bananas now on sale look poor quality and are poor quality and get left unsold in singles - a great waste of food, money and resources in general.

So yes sure, the price of these bananas from Central and South America are cheaper (than previous Caribbean banana exports) but the quality is poorer and the customer is worse off in terms of choice.

The only salvation to get a good banana these days in the UK is to get "FAIRTRADE" ones - which probably cost as much as the previously exported Caribbean bananas!!

Otherwise go to the Caribbean and taste a REAL BANANA
In the meantime eat the banana chips on sale at the same multiples - Sainsbury's et al.

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